Horned Nandina aquifolium

Mahonia aquifolium

Mahonia aquifolium is an evergreen shrub native to North America that grows to a height of 1 to 2 meters. Its leaves are spiny, pinnately compound, glossy, and dark green. It blooms with yellow flowers in the spring and bears purple berries in the summer.

Growth Characteristics:
- Growing Environment: It thrives in partial shade and can tolerate direct sunlight.
- Soil: It prefers fertile, well-drained soil.
- Cold Hardiness: It possesses considerable cold hardiness and can survive below -20°C, but protection is required in extreme environments.

Propagation Methods:
- Seed Propagation: Collect seeds from mature berries in the autumn, let them overwinter, and sow them in the spring.
- Cuttings: It can be propagated by cutting new branches in the spring or early summer. Cultivation Method:
- Planting: It is best to plant in early spring or autumn, and water regularly to support early growth.
- Care: Regularly provide organic fertilizer and prune as needed to maintain its shape.

Garden Uses:

Nandina aquifolium is popular as a landscape plant due to the unique shape and color of its stems and leaves. It is suitable for hedges or as a background plant, and its flowers and berries add various seasonal colors to the garden.

Important Pests and Control Methods:
- Diseases: It is resistant to most diseases, but leaf spot or fungal diseases may occur.
- Pests: Insects or aphids may occur.
- Control Methods: In case of pest infestation, use non-protein pesticides or remove contaminated leaves to improve ventilation. It is important to minimize pest occurrences through regular observation and preventive measures.

Plant Family	Berberidaceae
Height	90~180cm
Spread	60~150cm
Colors	yellow
Bloom Period	April~May
Water Needs	commonly
Exposure	semi-shaded area
Freezing Resistance	-20°C

Taiwanese Horned Nandina 'Ibechner'
Mahonia japonica 'Hivernant'

large crane flower
Maianthemum dilatatum