Pondworm

Ceratophyllum demersum

Growth Characteristics

Ceratophyllum demersum is an aquatic plant that grows primarily in ponds, lakes, and slow-flowing rivers. This plant grows while completely submerged in water and floating relatively freely due to the absence of roots. It has short, soft green leaves and grows in a dense form, which is advantageous for providing habitats for aquatic life. It prefers sunlight and thrives in environments with clear water and adequate nutrition.

Propagation Methods

Ceratophyllum demersum is primarily propagated vegetatively. Parts of the plant can detach and grow into new individuals, and it reproduces easily without rooting. Additionally, it can reproduce by seeds through pollination of male and female flowers, but vegetative propagation is much more common.

Cultivation Methods

Ceratophyllum demersum is a plant that can be easily cultivated without any special cultivation skills. It can be planted in garden ponds or aquariums; simply placing it in the water is sufficient. Water pH is optimal within the range of 6.0 to 9.0, and the plant thrives at temperatures between 15 and 30 degrees Celsius. However, growth may be inhibited in overly dense conditions, so it is advisable to maintain appropriate spacing.

Uses in Gardens
Polygonum aviculare is frequently used in garden ponds due to its usefulness in water purification and maintaining ecological balance. It keeps water clear by absorbing excess nutrients and provides an excellent habitat for aquatic life. It also serves a decorative role that enhances the beauty of the pond.

Important Pests and Control Methods
Polygonum aviculare is a relatively resistant plant to pests and diseases, but it can be damaged by certain aquatic insects or snails. Diseases may occur when the aquatic environment is excessively polluted or nutrient-rich; in such cases, it is important to change the water frequently to keep it clean. It is recommended to maintain a naturally appropriate density of Polygonum aviculare and, when necessary, use a plant removal tool to remove unnecessary parts.

Plant Family	Crucian carp family
Height	20~80cm
Colors	red
Bloom Period	May to September
Water Needs	well
Exposure	Sunny
Freezing Resistance	-10°C

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Ceratonia siliqua

water fern
Ceratopteris gaudichaudii var. vulgaris